ABSTRACT
The global covid-19 pandemic has imposed radical changes in daily lives. This study reflects upon sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (sleep-wake rhythm, psychiatric symptoms, and alcohol use behavior) during the full lockdown, comparing individuals who increased their alcohol use (iAU), those who maintained a stable use (sAU), and those who did not consume alcohol (AnoU). Participants were recruited via e-mails and they were required to complete an online survey that included questionnaires, during the last week of the full lockdown. The iAU group, compared to the sAU group, presented more disturbed sleep (PSQI; p < .001), more severe insomnia (ISI; p < .001), shorter sleep duration (p < .001), longer sleep latency (p < .001), and less regular sleep-wake schedules (p = .005). They also reported more anxiety (HAD-A; p = .009), more depressive symptoms (HAD-D: p = .006) and more psychotraumatic symptoms (PCL-5: p = .018). Moreover, the sAU group, compared to AnoU, showed better quality of sleep (PSQI; p = .002) and less severe anxiety symptoms (HAD-A; p = .014). Maintaining a stable use was also related to a better quality of life associated with bigger homes with more frequent outdoors living spaces and higher monthly incomes. Individuals who increased their alcohol consumption during the Covid-19 lockdown exhibited more sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances, as well as more (severe) psychiatric symptoms.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Depression , Humans , Depression/psychology , Circadian Rhythm , Quality of Life , Pandemics , Communicable Disease Control , Sleep , Alcohol DrinkingABSTRACT
Insomnia is the most frequent sleep disorder and a public health concern that increased during the Covid 19 pandemic. Fully restrictive lockdowns during Covid are interesting periods to examine the impact of environmental and behavioural changes on the emergence of insomnia symptoms. In this cross-sectional study we aimed to (1) determine the main factors associated with insomnia symptoms during a Covid-19 fully restrictive lockdown examining the associated daily life alterations and (2) create a predictive model of insomnia symptoms. We used the data drawn from the "Covid-RythmE" study that reached volunteers from the general French population through an online survey during the last 2 weeks of the 2 month full lockdown. Associations with insomnia symptoms were tested and significant associations were entered in a Backward Stepwise Logistic Regression (BSLR) to assess the best combination to classify individuals with or without insomnia symptoms. From the 1624 participants, 50.64% suffered from mild to severe insomnia symptoms as assessed by the ISI. The best combination for explaining insomnia symptoms with 74.26% of accuracy included: age (OR = 1.15), females (OR = 1.26), smaller home sizes (OR = 0.77), environmental noises (OR = 1.59), anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.24), depressive symptoms (OR = 1.15), regularity of sleep-wake schedules (OR = 1.25), exposure to screen during the morning (OR = 1.13), and LED light during the evening (OR = 1.17). Thus, lifestyle schedule and exposure to natural synchronizers such as light, are primordial in considering in insomnia physiopathology, prevention and treatment, as well as the associated mental health status.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Melatonin , Adult , Hospitalization , Humans , Melatonin/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
La pandémie liée à la COVID-19 a altéré de manière significative et importante la qualité du sommeil du personnel soignant. Avec des différences selon le questionnaire utilisé, la spécialité du professionnel, et le pays étudié, environ la moitié des soignants ont développé des troubles du sommeil lors de cette crise sanitaire. Les troubles du sommeil étaient marqués principalement par des symptômes d’insomnie, une mauvaise qualité du sommeil, un temps total de sommeil réduit, et des cauchemars fréquents. Les altérations du sommeil affectaient à la fois les soignants de première et de seconde ligne au cours de la pandémie liée à la COVID. Les études évaluant le sommeil des soignants confirment l’importance de diffuser les recommandations publiées par les experts du sommeil.
ABSTRACT
Summary The full 2-month lockdown to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 led to substantial disruption of daily life and routines. The present study aimed to comprehensively identify the lockdown?s effects on sleep, daily rhythms and emotions of the French population. A survey was published online during the last week of the 2-month full lockdown and 1,627 individuals completed the online survey. The survey was self-administered and included standardised questionnaires. Sleep schedules were delayed during lockdown in more than half of the participants. New severe delayed sleep phase affected 10% of participants with sleep schedules delayed by ≥3 hr during the lockdown compared to before. A significant decrease in exposure to morning (p < 0.001) and evening natural light (p < 0.001), a significant increase in screen exposure time (with a significant screen exposure >3 hr during the evening for 45% of the participants during lockdown versus 18% before lockdown, p < 0.001), an increase in substance use for one-quarter of participants, a poorer sleep quality in 56% of participants, and less regular sleep schedules in 48% of participants were observed. We also found a poorer sleep quality in women than men during lockdown (p = 0.004). The French full lockdown had a severe impact on sleep quality, sleep?wake rhythms, and sleep behaviours. The implementation of public health strategies for the prevention and care of sleep?wake cycles during lockdown are therefore essential.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The worldwide coronavirus outbreak has put hospital workers under extreme stress with possible mental health problems. In this context, we decided to rapidly design and implement a psychological support system for all hospital workers in Paris during the Covid-19 outbreak. METHODS: We built a hotline in 3 days using the following steps: 1) official mandate, 2) request for the creation of hotline numbers, 3) formulation of psychological intervention materials and policies, 4) call for volunteer certified psychologists, 5) call for volunteer certified psychiatrists in case of psychiatric cases, 6) creation of an anonymous and protected database, and 7) communication and regular reminders about the existence of the hotline for hospital workers. RESULTS: After the first 26 days, we received 149 calls with a mean of 5.73 calls/day (SD=3.22). The average call duration was 18.5 min (min=1; max=65min; SD=14.7), and mostly women (86%) called. The mean age was 32.7 years old (SD=11.0). Calls from hospital workers were from all professions; though mostly represented by frontline healthcare workers, non-frontline departments also called (total of 44 departments). Reasons for calling were anxiety symptoms (n=73, 49%), request for hotline information (n=31, 20.8%), worries about Covid-19 (n=23, 15.44%), exhaustion (n=17, 11.41%), trauma reactivation (n=10, 6.11%), insomnia (n=9, 6.0%), anger (n=8, 5.37%), depressive (n=6, 4.02%), and psychotic symptoms (n=3, 2.01%). Regarding referrals, 105 (70.47%) of them were referred to psychosocial, Covid, and general support. CONCLUSIONS: This psychological support system can be easily duplicated and seems to benefit all hospital professions that all appeared psychologically affected.
ABSTRACT
Résumé A la fois le confinement lié au virus Covid-19 et le stress induit par la pandémie peuvent entraîner des perturbations importantes des rythmes et du sommeil. Des experts du sommeil de la section Sommeil et rythmes biologiques en Psychiatrie (SoPsy) de l’Association Française de Psychiatrie Biologique et de Neuropsychopharmacologie (AFPBN) et de la Société Française de Recherche et Médecine du Sommeil (SFRMS), en partenariat avec le Réseau Morphée et l’Institut National du Sommeil et de la Vigilance (INSV), proposent ici des conseils pour bien dormir et garder ses rythmes. Des recommandations spécifiques sont adressées d’une part aux adultes et d’autre part aux parents pour leurs enfants. Les personnes avec un trouble de l’humeur (dépression, trouble bipolaire, etc) doivent particulièrement prêter attention et conserver des routines durant cette période afin de maintenir une humeur stable. Il est proposé des stratégies d’autogestion pour renforcer l’horloge biologique, tous les jours ! Les recommandations comportent des astuces simples et pratiques pour le jour et la nuit, mais aussi des conseils spécifiques à ce contexte pour limiter l’exposition au stress et mieux le gérer. Enfin, quelques sources et liens utiles sont proposés. Both, the confinement itself and the stress induces by the Covid-19 virus pandemic can lead to significant disruptions in habitual rhythms and sleep. Sleep experts from the Sleep and Biological Rhythms in Psychiatry section (SoPsy) of the French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology (AFPBN) and the French Society of Sleep Research and Medicine (SFRMS), in partnership with the Morphée network and the National Institute of Sleep and Vigilance (INSV), offer recommendations on how to sleep well and to keep your rhythms. Specific recommendations are addressed on the one hand to adults and on the other hand to parents for their children. People affected by mood disorders (depression, bipolar disorder, etc.) should particularly pay attention to maintaining routines during this period in order to maintain a stable mood. Self-management strategies are suggested to strengthen the biological clock, every day! The recommendations include tips for day and night, but also some specific advices for this context, to limit stress exposure and to improve its management. Finally, useful online ressources and links are suggested.
ABSTRACT
Résumé En plus de l’impact psychologique du confinement et de l’épidémie, il existe des répercussions sur le sommeil qu’il faut prendre en compte par la mise en place de stratégies adaptées afin de maintenir un bon état de santé mental et de santé général. Le confinement peut désorganiser le sommeil en impactant d’une part les rythmes circadiens par une diminution de l’intensité des synchroniseurs extérieurs, d’autre part peut favoriser l’insomnie dans cette période de stress aigu et enfin être source d’une privation de sommeil chez ceux qui sont en première ligne et qui gèrent la crise. Pour cela il est important de mettre en place certaines stratégies de préventions de ces perturbations de sommeil afin d’atténuer l’impact psychologique, infectieux et faire face de manière optimale à cette situation que nous vivons tous. In addition to the psychological impact of quarantine, there are sleep disturbances that must be taken into account by implementing appropriate strategies in order to maintain good mental and general health. Quarantine can disrupt sleep first in impacting circadian rhythms by decreasing the intensity of zeitgebers, second can promote insomnia in this period of acute stress and third can be a source of sleep deprivation in those on the front line and managing the crisis. For this it is important to put in place strategies to prevent these sleep disturbances in order to reduce the psychological, infectious impact and deal optimally with this situation that we are all experiencing.